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u‰‰ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FThe Decision Support System GMCR II in Negotiations over
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ContaminationiŽg—pŒ¾ŒêF‰pŒêj

u‰‰ŽÒFProfessor Keith W. Hipel
University Professor, PhD, PEng, FIEEE, FINCOSE, FCAE, FEIC, FRSC, FAWRA
Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo



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A groundwater contamination conflict is employed as an illustrative case study to clearly
demonstrate how the decision support system GMCR II can be conveniently applied to
environmental negotiations as well as other kinds of disputes. The controversy, systematically
studied using GMCR II, is the strategic conflict that arose after the discovery of a carcinogen
in the aquifer supplying water to the town of Elmira, located in Southern Ontario, Canada,
about 100 km west of Toronto. At the model formulation stage, GMCR II is utilized to
describe the Elmira dispute in terms of decision makers, options or courses of action available
to each decision maker, feasible states or scenarios that could take place, allowable moves
available to each decision maker, and relative preferences among states for each of the
disputants. At the subsequent analysis step, GMCR II generates a range of useful analytical
results that may assist an interested party in better understanding the strategic aspects of the
conflict and envisioning possible pathways for optimal decision making. For the Elmira dispute,
potential equilibria or compromise resolutions are suggested and the reasons for the decision
of two of the disputants to form a coalition and bring about a dramatic resolution to the
conflict are explained.



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Keith Hipel is University Professor of Systems Design Engineering at the University of
Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, and is Vice President of the Academy of Sciences
which is part of the Royal Society of Canada. Keith thoroughly enjoys mentoring students and
is a recipient of the Distinguished Teacher Award and the Award of Excellence in
Graduate Supervision
from the University of Waterloo.
His major research interests are the
development and application of conflict resolution, multiple objective decision making and time
series analysis techniques from a systems design engineering perspective. The main application
areas of these decision technologies are water resources management, hydrology, environmental
engineering and sustainable development. Keith is the author or co-author of 4 books,
11 edited books, more than 200 journal papers, as well as many conference and encyclopedia
articles. He is Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC), Canadian Academy of
Engineering (FCAE), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (FIEEE), Engineering
Institute of Canada (FEIC), International Council on Systems Engineering (FINCOSE), and
the American Water Resources Association (FAWRA). Keith is also a recipient of the
Norbert Wiener Award
from the IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) Society,
Outstanding Contribution Award
from the IEEE SMC Society, Docteur Honoris Causa
from Ecole Centrale de Lille, W.R. Boggess Award from AWRA, and the University of
Waterloo Award for Excellence in Research
,. He has held a Canada Council Killam
Research Fellowship
, Monbusho Kyoto University Visiting Professor Position, Stanley
Vineberg Memorial Visiting Professorship, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
(CNRS) Research Fellowship, and Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) Fellowship.
Moreover, he is a Professional Engineer (PEng) and has carried out consulting activities with
engineering firms, government agencies, and utilities in many countries. Keith is an Associate
Editor of many international journals including the IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and
Cybernetics, Part A, Group Decision and Negotiation, and Systems Engineering. Finally, Keith
has been privileged to serve members of the IEEE SMC Society through activities such as
being an elected member of the Board of Governors for a total of nine years since 1990, Vice
President of Publications (1998-1999), Chair of the Strategic Opportunities and Initiatives
Committee (2004-2005), member of the Strategic Planning Task Force (2004-2005), member
of the Executive Committee (2004-2005, 1998-1999), organizer of sessions on Conflict and
Risk Analysis in Systems Management at all of the annual IEEE SMC Conferences since 1991,
member of the IEEE SMC Fellow Selection Committee (2008, 2007, 1998, 1997), and,
currently, Co-Chair of the Technical Committee on Conflict Resolution for which he jointly
received the Most Active SMC Technical Committee Award (2007). On October 8, 2007,
Keith delivered the
opening keynote address entitled gCompetition and Cooperation in Societal
and Technological Systems of Systemsh, at the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Systems,
Man and Cybernetics held at the Delta Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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